Effects of intensive chlorine disinfection on nitrogen and phosphorus removal in WWTPs.

The increased use of disinfection since the pandemic has led to increased effective chlorine concentration in municipal wastewater. Whereas, the specific impacts of active chlorine on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, the mediating communities, and the related metabolic activities in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) lack systematic investigation. We systematically analyzed the influences of chlorine disinfection on nitrogen and phosphorus removal activities using activated sludge from five full-scale WWTPs. Results showed that at an active chlorine concentration of 1.0 mg/g-SS, the nitrogen and phosphorus removal systems were not significantly affected. Major effects were observed at 5.0 mg/g-SS, where the nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency decreased by 38.9 % and 44.1 %, respectively. At an active chlorine concentration of 10.0 mg/g-SS, the nitrification, denitrification, phosphorus release and uptake activities decreased by 15.1 %, 69.5-95.9 %, 49.6 % and 100 %, respectively. The proportion of dead cells increased by 6.1 folds. Reverse transcriptional quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) analysis showed remarkable inhibitions on transcriptions of the nitrite oxidoreductase gene (nxrB), the nitrite reductase genes (nirS and nirK), and the nitrite reductase genes (narG). The nitrogen and phosphorus removal activities completely disappeared with an active chlorine concentration of 25.0 mg/g-SS. Results also showed distinct sensitivities of different functional bacteria in the activated sludge. Even different species within the same functional group differ in their susceptibility. This study provides a reference for the understanding of the threshold active chlorine concentration values which may potentially affect biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal in full-scale WWTPs, which are expected to be beneficial for decision-making in WWTPs to counteract the potential impacts of increased active chlorine concentrations in the influent wastewater.

Effect of acupuncture combined with infantile tuina on intestinal flora in children with tic disorders / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effect of acupuncture combined with infantile tuina on intestinal flora and its efficacy in children with tic disorders (TD), and to explore its mechanism.@*METHODS@#A total of 15 children with TD were recruited as an observation group and 10 healthy children as a healthy control group. Regulating spleen and stomach acupuncture combined with infantile tuina were received in the observation group. First, acupuncture was applied to Zhongwan (CV 12), Tianshu (ST 25), Guanyuan (CV 4), Hegu (LI 4), Zusanli (ST 36), etc., and then abdominal massage and other tuina techniques were applied, once a day, 6 times a week, 2 weeks as a course of treatment, a total of 2 courses of treatment were required. No intervention was given in the healthy control group. In the observation group, Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) score and TCM syndrome score were compared before treatment and after 1 and 2 courses of treatment. 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to detect the intestinal flora in the healthy control group and before and after treatment in the observation group.@*RESULTS@#After 1 and 2 courses of treatment, the scores of YGTSS and TCM syndrome in the observation group were lower than those before treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the number of operational taxonomic units (OTU) and indexes of Chao1, Sobs, Ace and Shannon were decreased in the observation group before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01). Compared with before treatment, the number of OTU and indexes of Chao1, Sobs, Ace and Shannon were increased in the observation group after treatment (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the healthy control group, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the observation group before treatment was decreased (P<0.001), while the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides and Erysipelatoclostridium was increased (P<0.001, P<0.05). Compared with before treatment, the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes in the observation group was decreased (P<0.001) after treatment, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Bifidobacterium and Atopobium was increased (P<0.05, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#Acupuncture combined with infantile tuina based on the principle of regulating spleen and stomach could effectively improve TD symptoms in children, which may be related to regulating the diversity of intestinal flora, increasing beneficial bacteria, maintaining intestinal microecological balance, and playing a role in improving neurological disorders.

Feasibility analysis of puncture robot technology for the application of acupuncture robot / 中国针灸

The difficulties such as how to accurately locate acupoints and safely insert needles are presented in acupuncture robot. The puncture robot with high technological similarity to acupuncture robot is getting mature, and a large number of human trials and animal experiments have been conducted for the development of puncture robot. Through comparing the similarities and differences between puncture robot and acupuncture robot in the aspects of through-skin puncture, needle insertion and needle removal, the valuable technology of puncture robot is analyzed for the development of acupuncture robot, and the crucial direction of technology migration is determined. ①Integrating the mechanical feedback and medical imaging technology and utilizing the multi-modal perception to achieve the safety of acupuncture operation. ②Emphasizing the integration of the existing designs of chest puncture robot to realize the acupuncture operation with inhalation and exhalation involved. ③Focusing on the development of relevant technology of automatic needle removal through conducting the actual scenario of treatment with acupuncture robot in patients under non-anaesthetic condition.

Study on emergency metabolic changes of Anopheles sinensis larvae following exposure to deltamethrin / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the changes of small molecular metabolites in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of Anopheles sinensis following exposure to deltamethrin, so as to provide the scientific basis for investigating the metabolic pathway and screening metabolic markers of deltamethrin in An. sinensis. Methods The 50% and 75% lethal concentrations (LC50 and LC75) of deltamethrin against the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis were calculated in laboratory. The type and content of An. sinensis larvae metabolites were detected using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) following exposure to deltamethrin at LC50 and LC75 for 30 min and 24 h, and the changes of metabolites were analyzed. Results The LC50 and LC75 values of deltamethrin were 4.36 × 10-3 µg/mL and 1.12 × 10-2 µg/mL against thelarvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis. Following exposure of the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis to deltamethrin at LC50 and LC75 for 30 min, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyl and pyrimidine nucleotides, with reduced glucose levels. Following exposure for 24 h, the differential metabolites mainly included organic oxygen compounds, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, aliphatic acyl and purine nucleotides, with increased glucose level detected. Conclusion Carbohydrate, carboxylic acid and its derivatives, fatty acyls, amino acids and their derivatives may play important roles in deltamethrin metabolism in the larvae of a deltamethrin-sensitive strain of An. sinensis.

Clinical effect of an additional maintenance dose of caffeine before ventilator weaning in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the clinical effect of an additional maintenance dose (5 mg/kg) of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning in improving the success rate of ventilator weaning in preterm infants (gestational age ≤32 weeks) with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) on mechanical ventilation.@*METHODS@#A total of 338 preterm infants with RDS (gestational age of ≤32 weeks) who were admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of Xiamen Maternal and Child Health Hospital from January 2017 to December 2019 and treated with mechanical ventilation were enrolled. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a routine group, with 169 infants in each group. Both groups received early routine treatment with caffeine. The infants in the observation group received an additional maintenance dose of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning. The two groups were compared in terms of reintubation rate and number of apnea episodes within 48 hours after ventilator weaning, changes in blood gas parameters, blood glucose, heart rate, and mean blood pressure at 2 hours after ventilator weaning, and incidence rates of major complications during hospitalization.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the routine group, the observation group had significantly lower reintubation rate (@*CONCLUSIONS@#An additional maintenance dose of caffeine citrate injection at 1 hour before ventilator weaning is safe and effective in improving the success rate of ventilator weaning in preterm infants with RDS and thus holds promise for clinical application.

Safety of two ventilator weaning strategies after high-frequency oscillatory ventilation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome: a prospective randomized controlled trial / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the safety of two ventilator weaning strategies after high-frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) for the treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) in preterm infants.@*METHODS@#A prospective randomized controlled trial was conducted for 101 preterm infants with NRDS, with a gestational age of ≤32@*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the failure rate of ventilator weaning within 72 hours (8% vs 14%, @*CONCLUSIONS@#For preterm infants with NRDS, the strategy of weaning directly from HFOV is safe and reliable and can reduce the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.

Surveillance of Culex mosquitoes in Jiangsu Province from 2018 to 2019 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the distribution and density of Culex mosquito populations and the resistance of Culex pipiens pallens to insecticides in Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019. Methods During the period from June to October in 2018 and 2019, six counties (districts, cities) were sampled in southern, northern and central Jiangsu Province as surveillance sites. The density of Culex mosquitoes was measured overnight using the light trapping technique. In addition, Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes were collected from Hai’an of Nantong City and Yandu District of Yancheng City, central Jiangsu Province, and the sensitivity of female first filial generations to dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), malation, proposur, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin was tested using the standard WHO insecticide susceptibility test assay. Results A total of 104 423 Culex mosquitoes were captured in six surveillance sites of Jiangsu Province in 2018 and 2019, and Culex quinquefasciatus (49.11%), Culex pipiens pallens (28.38%), and Culex tritaeniorhynchus (21.04%) were predominant species. The density of Culex mosquitoes started to increase since early June, peaked in July and tended to be low in late October. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes captured from Hai’an was susceptible to malation, while those from Yandu District were moderately resistant to malation. Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes from both Yandu and Hai’an were moderately resistant to proposur, and were resistant to DDT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin. Conclusions Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex pipiens pallens and Culex tritaeniorhynchus are predominant Culex species in Jiangsu Province. Culex pipiens pallens is resistant to DT, beta cypermethrin and deltamethrin in central Jiangsu Province.

Strategies and studies of malaria vector control in Jiangsu Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Malaria was one of the major infectious diseases in Jiangsu Province, where Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus are main vectors for malaria transmission. Following the concerted efforts for decades, the goal of malaria elimination was achieved in Jiangsu Province in 2019, and the vector control strategy has played a vital role during the progress towards malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. Hereby, we review the historical distribution and ecological features of An. sinensis and An. anthropophagus and describe vector control strategies at different stages of malaria control in Jiangsu Province. In addition, the advances in the research of vector biology and control in Jiangsu Province are discussed, including vector identification, strain colonization, susceptibility to malaria parasites and insecticide resistance.

Identification of Volatile Organic Compounds Used to Diagnose and Evaluate Acute Promyelocyte Leukemia / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To analyze the characteristics of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in expiratory air components of patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), and assess the feasibility of VOCs for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of APL.@*METHODS@#The VOCs exhaled from the patients with APL and healthy volunteers should be analyzed with SPME-GC/MS, and compared between newly-diagnosed group, relapse group, remission group, and healthy group with Wilcoxon/Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance and Dunn-Bonferroni test.@*RESULTS@#Dimethyl sulfide, toluene, and dodecane obtained of newly-diagnosed APL patients were significantly higher, while ethanol, n-hexanal, and benzaldehyde were significantly lower than those of healthy people (P<0.05). Compared with the newly-diagnosed group, dimethylsulfide, toluene, and dodecane of the remission group significantly decreased, while ethanol, n-hexanal, and benzaldehyde significantly increased (P<0.05), which was just opposite from the relapse group.@*CONCLUSION@#Dimethyl sulfide, toluene, dodecane, ethanol, n-hexanal, and benzaldehyde can be used as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis assessment of APL patients.

Effect of viscosity on pseudo-Scholte wave propagation at liquid/porous medium interface.

A theory of pseudo-Scholte wave propagating in a saturated porous medium loaded on its interface by a viscous compressible liquid is described. The porous medium is simulated by the Biot theory with high-frequency correction, and the overlying liquid is simulated by the linearized Navier-Stokes equation. An analytical expression for the complex dispersion equation of pseudo-Scholte wave through boundary conditions is established. Then the Riemann sheets related to body waves are discussed and the real and imaginary parts of the complex dispersion equation are separated and solved numerically. The resulting phase velocity, attenuation, as well as displacement and pressure fields are analyzed and comparisons are drawn with the non-viscous model. Finally, a set of parametric analyses is carried out to describe the effects of the phase velocity ratios of the S-wave in the porous medium to Ls-mode in overlying liquid on phase velocity and attenuation of the pseudo-Scholte waves.

Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. Methods The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. Results Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.

The special named ankle fractures: the diagnosis and treatment / 中华骨科杂志

Due to the complex anatomical structure of ankle and the various mechanisms of ankle injury, manyeponyms and systematic classifications of ankle fracture have been developed in the past centuries. Before the emergence and constant improvement of classifications of ankle fracture, ankle fractures were most commonly named afterthe physicians who first described them. Now,these ankle fracture eponyms are still found in medical literature, textbooks and even mass media. Many special named ankle fractures can be explained by the Lauge-Hansen classification now, and they may have little practical use. However, it is still necessary to summarize and review these ankle fracture eponyms, in order to correct the wrong usage of these and to remember the sages in this field.We reviewed both common and less frequently used ankle fracture eponyms, focusing on imaging features to identify and differentiate these injuries. We also briefly reviewed the mechanism of each injury, associated complications, its diagnosis and treatment.

SIRT2-Reverses Drug-Resistance of HL-60/A through Autophagy Mechanism / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effect of targeting the silent information regulator 2 hemolog 2 (SIRT2) expression on the apoptosis of drug-resistant AML cell line HL-60/A and its mechanism.@*METHODS@#The expression of SIRT2 and antophagy-related protein LCT, P62 in HL-60/A and HL-60 was detected by Western blot, the effect of cytorabine on the apoptosis of HL-60/A cells was detected by using Annexin V/PI double staining after targeting inhibition of SIRT2 expression resulting from transfecting HL-60/A cells with SiRNA. The Western blot and transmission electray microscopy were used to detect the cell autophagy. To further clarify the role of autophragy in the regulatory effect of SIRT2 on the drug-resistance of HL-60/A cells, the autophagy-specific agonist, repamycin, was added into the cell culture medium after SIRT2-siRNA transfection. Then, the autophagy and apoptosis of HL-60/A were detected, respectively.@*RESULTS@#The SIRT2 protein expression obviously increased in HL-60/A cells than that in HL-60 cells. Moreover, the expression rate of LC3II/I was higher, but P62 expression was lower in HL-60/A cells. After siRNA successfully transfecting into HL-60/A cells, quantitative PCR and Western blot should that the expression of SIRT2 significantly decreased. Meawhile, Western blot showed that the expression of LC3 II/I decreased, but P62 increased. Meanwhile, By TEM found that the number of autophagosome also decreased, suggesting the autophagy was inhibited after down-regulation of SIRT2. In addition, the drug senstivity of HL-60/A cells to cytarabine in siRNA-transfection group increased, and the apoptotic rate detected by Annexin V/PI double staining significantly increased. However, after co-culture with rapamycin, the suppressed autophagy in siRNA-trasfect HL-60/A cells was activated, leading to the reappearance of drug resistance of cells to cytarabine, and more significantly decrease of apoptotic rate.@*CONCLUSION@#The high expression of SIRT2 in HL-60/A cells activates the protective autophagy mechanism, which closely related with drug resistance.

[Progress of malaria elimination of Jiangsu Province, China].

There were vivax malaria, falciparum malaria, and malariae malaria epidemic in Jiangsu Province, and vivax malaria was the dominant disease. Anopheles sinensis and An. anthropophagus were malaria-transmitted vectors. Since the founding of People's Republic of China, there have been two major malaria outbreaks in Jiangsu Province, when the highest annual malaria incidence reached up to 24.95%. According to prevention and control principles of "adjusting measures to local conditions, giving different guidance to different categories and highlighting key points", during the epidemic outbreak stage, the largescale malaria prevention and control measures were implemented for all the residents who were target population in Jiangsu malaria-endemic areas. During the basic eradication stage, the targeted prevention and control measures had been carried out according to the different epidemic features to gradually consolidate the achievement of prevention and control in Jiangsu Province. In the malaria elimination stage, Jiangsu Province focused on controlling of the source of infection and malaria surveillance. According to the "1-3-7 targeted elimination" work model, the management of infectious sources and investigation and disposal of foci were carried out for each epidemic focus to block the malaria transmission. By the end of 2017, there had been no indigenous malaria cases for the six consecutive years in Jiangsu Province. All the 13 cities have passed the assessment of malaria elimination of Jiangsu Province. Although Jiangsu Province has achieved the goal of malaria elimination, it is urgent and necessary to maintain and improve malaria surveillance capabilities to prevent malaria reintroduction.

[Vector surveillance in Jiangsu Province during the stage of malaria elimination].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the vector surveillance results during the stage of malaria elimination, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the local transmission risk of imported malaria and carrying out the surveillance work after malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province. METHODS: From 2011 to 2017, the mosquito population was monitored and human biting rates were calculated by the half overnight human baiting trapping method and overnight lamp trapping method in 7 surveillance sites from June to October. The insecticide resistance level was tested by the force contact method recommended by WHO. RESULTS: A total of 5 106 Anopheles mosquitoes were captured by the half over-night human baiting trapping method in the 7 sites from 2011 to 2017, and all the mosquitoes were identified as Anopheles sinensis. The annual human biting rates were 1.075, 0.786, 1.057, 0.787, 0.790, 1.797 and 1.185 mosquitoes/ (human·hour), respectively. Totally 28 186 Anopheles mosquitoes were caught by the overnight lamp trapping method, and all the mosquitoes were An. sinensis. The densities of Anopheles mosquitoes were 57.950, 50.932, 14.800, 4.405, 58.070, 72.406, and 17.145 mosquitoes/ (night·lamp), respectively. In 2012, the resistance indexes of An. sinensis to deltamethrin, DDT and malathion were at R level in Jiangsu Province. CONCLUSIONS: The major vector is An. sinensis and no An. anthropophagus is found in Jiangsu Province. An. sinensis has a high level of resistance to deltamethrin, DDT and malathion.

[Construction and application of malaria biobank].

OBJECTIVE: To establish a systemized malaria biobank with well-rounded epidemiologic data and a computer-aid management system, thus to provide qualified sources for malaria elimination and human malaria research. METHODS: The malaria biobank was based on the platform of Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases. The blood smear samples, dried blood samples, whole blood samples and parasite strains isolated from patients (from both local and imported cases) were collected since 2011 according to a standardized operational procedure. The biobank management software was applied to input of the epidemiological data and samples, and the quality of samples was monitored regularly. RESULTS: A standard malaria biobank was established. The Information Management System was applied to input, storage and output of samples. Totally 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smear samples, 92.58% (2 070/2 236) of the dried blood samples, 94.50% (2 113/2 236) of whole blood, and 2.06% (46/2 236) of the isolated stains in 2 236 reported cases were included in the malaria biobank in Jiangsu Province from 2011 to 2017. Based on the malaria biobank, 99.42% (2 223/2 236) of the blood smears and 82.74% (1 850/2 236) of DNA (from dried blood and whole blood samples) from malaria patients in Jiangsu Province were re-checked. Moreover, the samples in the malaria biobank were used in the studies of the mechanism of parasite drug resistance, malaria molecular epidemiology, and diagnosis technology development and evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of malaria biobank provides a guarantee for malaria elimination in Jiangsu Province and also provides a qualified resource for malaria research.

[Progress in researches on molecular markers of non-Plasmodium falciparum drug resistance].

With the long-term and widespread application of antimalarial drugs, Plasmodium falciparum has gradually produced resistance to antimalarial drugs. At present, there are more researches on the molecular markers of P. falciparum drug resistance, while less attention has been paid to the molecular markers of non-P. falciparum drug resistance. In order to provide the reference for rational drug use in clinical treatment and reference for molecular monitoring of antimalarial drug sensitivity of non-P. falciparum, this paper reviews the researches on the common molecular markers related to non-P. falciparum drug resistance.

[Study on expression characteristics of cytochrome P450 genes in Anopheles sinensis].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the expression characteristics of cytochrome P450 (CYP) candidate genes (CYP6M3, CYP6Y1, CYP6P5, CYP4H14, CYP4G17, CYP12F16) in Anopheles sinensis. METHODS: The samples were collected from different developmental stages (eggs, larvae, pupae and adult mosquitoes (females and males) ), and different tissues (salivary glands, malpighian tubes, midguts, ovaries, and fat bodies) of An. sinensis and the female adult mosquitoes exposed by different insecticide doses (0, 1.25, 3.75, 6.25, 12.5 µg/bottle) and time points (0, 5, 15, 30, 60 minutes), then the total RNA was extracted. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qPCR) assay was used to analyze the relative expressions of six CYP genes in An. sinensis at different developmental stages, tissues and different insecticide exposure doses and time. RESULTS: The expressions of CYP6M3 and CYP6Y1 in the male adult mosquitoes were the highest, the expression of CYP6M3 gene in the males was 35.1 times higher than that in the females, the expression of CYP6Y1 in the males was 61.4 times higher than that in the females; the expression level of CYP4H14 in the larvae was the lowest, the expression of CYP4H14 in the females was 22.5 times higher than that in the fourth instar larvae. The expressions of candidate CYP genes in different tissues of An. sinensis were significantly different, the expression of CYP6M3 in the malpighian tubule was 38.9 times higher than that in the ovary, the expression of CYP6Y1 in the fatbody was 9.1 times higher than that in the ovary, the expression of CYP4G17 was 4.6 times higher than that in the ovary, and the expression of CYP12F16 was 4.4 times higher thanthat in the ovary. The exposure to different insecticide doses and time showed some induction effects in the expressions of candidate CYP genes, which affected the expressions of candidate CYP genes in An. sinensis. CONCLUSIONS: The expression of candidate CYP genes varies significantly in different developmental stages and various tissues of An. sinensis, and exposure to deltamethrin at various doses and time points affects CYP genes expression in An. sinensis.

[Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. METHODS: The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. RESULTS: Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.

Results analysis of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017 / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To analyze the results of samples testing of Jiangsu Provincial Malaria Diagnostic Reference Laboratory in 2017, so as to provide the evidence for improving the malaria diagnostic performance in this province. Methods The samples of reported malaria cases in Jiangsu were collected by the provincial reference laboratory (PRL) in 2017. The microscopy and nucleic acid test were performed to confirm the infection of Plasmodium species of each case, while Plasmodium antigen tests (rapid diagnostic test, RDT) were performed as well. The detection results were analyzed among different areas and different species. Results Totally 242 malaria cases were reported and the samples were collected by PRL in 2017. A total of 239 cases were confirmed Plasmodium infections, including 163 cases of Plasmodium falciparum infection, 21 cases of P. vivax infection, 11 cases of P. malariae infection, 43 cases of P. ovale infection, and 1 case of P. falciparum and P. ovale mixed-infection. The diagnostic coincidence rates of reported malaria case in 13 prefectures with districts were all > 80%, and the total coincidence rate was 88.8%. The species diagnostic coincidence rates of P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. malariae, and P. ovale were 98.8%, 57.1%, 63.6%, and 81.4% respectively, and the detection rates by RDT to those four species infections were 95.7%, 85.0%, 63.6% and 79.1% respectively. Conclusions In 2017, the malaria diagnostic quality of medical technicians is generally high in Jiangsu Province. However, the diagnostic capacity is slightly different among different regions, and the ability to identify non- P. falciparum parasites remains to be improved. RDT is not ideal for the detection of non-P. falciparum infection. In the current stage of malaria elimination, the malaria diagnostic capacity of technicians in all the sectors should be strengthened and maintained.